{"id":9,"date":"2025-03-07T04:19:27","date_gmt":"2025-03-07T04:19:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mecheng.iisc.ac.in\/fpl\/?page_id=9"},"modified":"2025-07-02T08:16:10","modified_gmt":"2025-07-02T08:16:10","slug":"home","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mecheng.iisc.ac.in\/fpl\/","title":{"rendered":"Home"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; disabled_on=&#8221;on|off|off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_fullwidth_code admin_label=&#8221;Fullwidth Code&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<div id=\"hero-section\" style=\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  position: relative;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  overflow: hidden;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  min-height: 90vh;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  justify-content: center;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->&#8220;><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Responsive Heading --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"hero-heading\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<h1>FLOW PHYSICS LAB<\/h1>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Three.js Script --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <script src=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/three.js\/r128\/three.min.js\"><\/script><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <script><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    class FlowVisualization {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      constructor(containerId) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        this.container = document.getElementById(containerId);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        this.isVisible = false;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        this.animationFrameId = null;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        this.initScene();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        this.addEventListeners();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      initScene() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        this.scene = new THREE.Scene();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        this.camera = new THREE.OrthographicCamera(-1, 1, 1, -1, 0, 1);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        this.renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          canvas: document.createElement('canvas'),<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          antialias: true,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          alpha: true<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        });<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        this.container.appendChild(this.renderer.domElement);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        this.renderer.setSize(this.container.clientWidth, this.container.clientHeight);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        this.renderer.setPixelRatio(Math.min(window.devicePixelRatio, 2));<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        this.uniforms = {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          u_time: { value: 0 },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          u_mouse: { value: new THREE.Vector2(0.5, 0.5) },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          u_resolution: { value: new THREE.Vector2(this.container.clientWidth, this.container.clientHeight) }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        };<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        const geometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(2, 2);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        const material = new THREE.ShaderMaterial({<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          uniforms: this.uniforms,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          vertexShader: `<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            varying vec2 vUv;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            void main() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              vUv = uv;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              gl_Position = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * vec4(position, 1.0);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          `,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          fragmentShader: `<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            precision mediump float;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            varying vec2 vUv;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            uniform vec2 u_mouse;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            uniform float u_time;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            uniform vec2 u_resolution;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \/\/ Simplex noise functions<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            vec3 mod289(vec3 x) { return x - floor(x * (1.0 \/ 289.0)) * 289.0; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            vec2 mod289(vec2 x) { return x - floor(x * (1.0 \/ 289.0)) * 289.0; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            vec3 permute(vec3 x) { return mod289(((x*34.0)+1.0)*x); }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            float snoise(vec2 v) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              const vec4 C = vec4(0.211324865405187, 0.366025403784439,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->                                    -0.577350269189626, 0.024390243902439);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              vec2 i = floor(v + dot(v, C.yy));<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              vec2 x0 = v - i + dot(i, C.xx);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              vec2 i1 = (x0.x > x0.y) ? vec2(1.0, 0.0) : vec2(0.0, 1.0);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              vec4 x12 = x0.xyxy + C.xxzz;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              x12.xy -= i1;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              i = mod289(i);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              vec3 p = permute(permute(i.y + vec3(0.0, i1.y, 1.0))<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->                                + i.x + vec3(0.0, i1.x, 1.0));<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              vec3 m = max(0.5 - vec3(dot(x0, x0), dot(x12.xy, x12.xy),<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->                                      dot(x12.zw, x12.zw)), 0.0);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              m = m*m;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              m = m*m;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              vec3 x = 2.0 * fract(p * C.www) - 1.0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              vec3 h = abs(x) - 0.5;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              vec3 ox = floor(x + 0.5);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              vec3 a0 = x - ox;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              m *= 1.79284291400159 - 0.85373472095314 * (a0*a0 + h*h);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              vec3 g;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              g.x = a0.x * x0.x + h.x * x0.y;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              g.yz = a0.yz * x12.xz + h.yz * x12.yw;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              return 130.0 * dot(m, g);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            #define NUM_STREAKS 5<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            void main() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              vec2 uv = (gl_FragCoord.xy - 0.5 * u_resolution.xy) \/ min(u_resolution.x, u_resolution.y);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              vec2 mouse = u_mouse - 0.5;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              float time = u_time * 0.5;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              float noise1 = snoise(vec2(uv.x * 3.0 + time, uv.y * 2.0 - time));<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              float noise2 = snoise(vec2(uv.y * 3.0 - time, uv.x * 2.0 + time));<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              vec2 flow = vec2(noise1, noise2) * 0.1;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              vec2 dir = uv - mouse;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              float distance = length(dir);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              vec2 mouseForce = dir * 0.1 \/ (distance * distance + 0.01);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              vec2 position = uv + flow + mouseForce * 0.8;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              float streak = 0.0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              for (int i = 0; i < NUM_STREAKS; i++) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->                float t = float(i) * 0.2;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->                streak += snoise(position * 6.0 + vec2(t, -t)) * 0.2;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              vec3 colorA = vec3(0.1, 0.8, 1.0);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              vec3 colorB = vec3(1.0, 0.2, 0.8);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              vec3 colorC = vec3(1.0, 0.8, 0.2);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              float gradient = sin(streak * 3.14159 + u_time * 0.5) * 0.5 + 0.5;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              vec3 color = mix(colorA, colorB, gradient);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              color = mix(color, colorC, smoothstep(0.3, 0.7, streak));<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              float glow = smoothstep(0.3, 0.7, abs(streak)) * 0.8;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              color += glow * vec3(0.1, 0.1, 0.1);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              float alpha = smoothstep(0.3, 0.7, abs(streak)) * 0.8;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              gl_FragColor = vec4(color, alpha);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          `,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          transparent: true,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          depthTest: false<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        });<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        this.mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        this.scene.add(this.mesh);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      addEventListeners() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        \/\/ Use IntersectionObserver to monitor the container's visibility<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        const observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          entries.forEach(entry => {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            if (entry.isIntersecting) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              this.isVisible = true;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              this.animate();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            } else {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              this.isVisible = false;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              if (this.animationFrameId) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->                cancelAnimationFrame(this.animationFrameId);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->                this.animationFrameId = null;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          });<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        }, { threshold: 0.1 });<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        observer.observe(this.container);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        \/\/ Optional: mouse movement to affect fluid distortion<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        window.addEventListener('mousemove', (e) => {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          const rect = this.container.getBoundingClientRect();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          const mouseX = (e.clientX - rect.left) \/ this.container.clientWidth;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          const mouseY = 1 - (e.clientY - rect.top) \/ this.container.clientHeight;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          this.uniforms.u_mouse.value.set(mouseX, mouseY);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        });<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        window.addEventListener('resize', () => {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          this.renderer.setSize(this.container.clientWidth, this.container.clientHeight);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          this.uniforms.u_resolution.value.set(this.container.clientWidth, this.container.clientHeight);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        });<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      animate() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        if (!this.isVisible) return;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        this.uniforms.u_time.value = performance.now() \/ 1000;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        this.renderer.render(this.scene, this.camera);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        this.animationFrameId = requestAnimationFrame(() => this.animate());<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    new FlowVisualization('hero-section');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/script><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Heading Styles --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<style><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    .hero-heading h1 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      position: absolute;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      top: 50%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      left: 50%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      transform: translate(-50%, -50%);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      font-family: \"Source Sans Pro\", Helvetica, sans-serif;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      font-weight: 700;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      color: #333;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      text-align: center;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      font-size: 6vw;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      line-height: 1.2;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      padding: 0 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      background-color:transparent;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    @media (max-width: 768px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      .hero-heading h1 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        font-size: 8vw;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      #hero-section {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        max-height: 70vh;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    @media (max-width: 480px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      .hero-heading h1 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        font-size: 8vw;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      #hero-section {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        max-height: 60vh;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/style>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->[\/et_pb_fullwidth_code][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; disabled_on=&#8221;off|on|on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_fullwidth_code admin_label=&#8221;Fullwidth Code&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<div id=\"hero-section\" style=\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  position: relative;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  overflow: hidden;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  min-height: 90vh;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  display: flex;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  justify-content: center;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  align-items: center;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->&#8220;><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Responsive Heading --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<div class=\"hero-heading\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <\/p>\n<h1>FLOW PHYSICS LAB<\/h1>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <!-- Heading Styles --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<style><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    .hero-heading h1 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      position: absolute;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      top: 50%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      left: 50%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      transform: translate(-50%, -50%);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      font-family: \"Source Sans Pro\", Helvetica, sans-serif;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      font-weight: 700;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      color: #333;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      text-align: center;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      font-size: 6vw;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      line-height: 1.2;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      padding: 0 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      background-color:transparent;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    @media (max-width: 768px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      .hero-heading h1 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        font-size: 8vw;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      #hero-section {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        max-height: 70vh;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    @media (max-width: 480px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      .hero-heading h1 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        font-size: 8vw;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      #hero-section {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        max-height: 60vh;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/style>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->[\/et_pb_fullwidth_code][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; disabled_on=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;gcid-8011e88d-d334-4244-b163-1ed76d786667&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-8011e88d-d334-4244-b163-1ed76d786667%22:%91%22background_color%22%93}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; disabled_on=&#8221;on|on|off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;96px||||false|false&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;display:flex;||align-items:center;||justify-content:center;&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_heading title=&#8221;About Flow Physics Lab&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; title_level=&#8221;h2&#8243; title_font=&#8221;Source Sans Pro|600|||||||&#8221; title_text_color=&#8221;gcid-ddfd5a08-11a0-4dad-af47-fef549cd5986&#8243; title_font_size=&#8221;2rem&#8221; title_line_height=&#8221;1.3em&#8221; scroll_fade_enable=&#8221;on&#8221; scroll_fade=&#8221;0|35|35|100|0|100|100&#8243; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-ddfd5a08-11a0-4dad-af47-fef549cd5986%22:%91%22title_text_color%22%93}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Lora|500|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;gcid-ddfd5a08-11a0-4dad-af47-fef549cd5986&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;1.15rem&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.8em&#8221; scroll_fade_enable=&#8221;on&#8221; scroll_fade=&#8221;0|35|35|100|0|100|100&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-ddfd5a08-11a0-4dad-af47-fef549cd5986%22:%91%22text_text_color%22%93}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>At the <strong data-start=\"59\" data-end=\"85\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Flow Physics Lab, IISc<\/strong>, we investigate complex fluid dynamics through cutting-edge experiments and advanced analysis. By developing specialized facilities and diagnostic tools, we uncover the underlying physics that drive real-world flow phenomena.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_text=&#8221;Explore Our Research&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;142b6225-c5fa-4ccc-880f-bf84c2569d95&#8243; scroll_fade_enable=&#8221;on&#8221; scroll_fade=&#8221;0|35|35|100|0|100|100&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-c32f3db7-275e-4ad9-b30b-6c481fd0a466%22:%91%22button_bg_color%22,%22button_text_color__hover%22,%22button_border_color%22%93,%22gcid-bf2a3fc9-8ca4-4a56-85cc-2c287b1f1f9c%22:%91%22button_text_color%22%93}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/mecheng.iisc.ac.in\/fpl\/fplnew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/vortex_pair_45.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;vortex_pair_45&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; scroll_scaling_enable=&#8221;on&#8221; scroll_scaling=&#8221;0|30|30|100|20%|100|100&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row disabled_on=&#8221;off|off|on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;96px||||false|false&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;display:flex;||align-items:center;||justify-content:center;&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_heading title=&#8221;About Flow Physics Lab&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; title_level=&#8221;h2&#8243; title_font=&#8221;Source Sans Pro|600|||||||&#8221; title_text_color=&#8221;gcid-ddfd5a08-11a0-4dad-af47-fef549cd5986&#8243; title_font_size=&#8221;2rem&#8221; title_line_height=&#8221;1.3em&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; scroll_fade_enable=&#8221;on&#8221; scroll_fade=&#8221;0|35|35|100|0|100|100&#8243; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-ddfd5a08-11a0-4dad-af47-fef549cd5986%22:%91%22title_text_color%22%93}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; title_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221;][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/mecheng.iisc.ac.in\/fpl\/fplnew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/vortex_pair_45.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;vortex_pair_45&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; scroll_scaling_enable=&#8221;on&#8221; scroll_scaling=&#8221;0|30|30|100|20%|100|100&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Lora|500|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;gcid-ddfd5a08-11a0-4dad-af47-fef549cd5986&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;1.15rem&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.8em&#8221; scroll_fade_enable=&#8221;on&#8221; scroll_fade=&#8221;0|35|35|100|0|100|100&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-ddfd5a08-11a0-4dad-af47-fef549cd5986%22:%91%22text_text_color%22%93}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>At the <strong data-start=\"59\" data-end=\"85\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Flow Physics Lab, IISc<\/strong>, we investigate complex fluid dynamics through cutting-edge experiments and advanced analysis. By developing specialized facilities and diagnostic tools, we uncover the underlying physics that drive real-world flow phenomena.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_text=&#8221;Explore Our Research&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;142b6225-c5fa-4ccc-880f-bf84c2569d95&#8243; scroll_fade_enable=&#8221;on&#8221; scroll_fade=&#8221;0|35|35|100|0|100|100&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-c32f3db7-275e-4ad9-b30b-6c481fd0a466%22:%91%22button_bg_color%22,%22button_text_color__hover%22,%22button_border_color%22%93,%22gcid-bf2a3fc9-8ca4-4a56-85cc-2c287b1f1f9c%22:%91%22button_text_color%22%93}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; disabled_on=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;gcid-bf2a3fc9-8ca4-4a56-85cc-2c287b1f1f9c&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-bf2a3fc9-8ca4-4a56-85cc-2c287b1f1f9c%22:%91%22background_color%22%93}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; 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body_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; background_color=&#8221;gcid-bf2a3fc9-8ca4-4a56-85cc-2c287b1f1f9c&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;20px|20px|20px|20px|true|true&#8221; scroll_vertical_motion_enable=&#8221;on&#8221; scroll_vertical_motion=&#8221;0|30|30|100|10|0|0&#8243; scroll_fade_enable=&#8221;on&#8221; border_radii=&#8221;on|25px|25px|25px|25px&#8221; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset1&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-ddfd5a08-11a0-4dad-af47-fef549cd5986%22:%91%22header_text_color%22%93,%22gcid-bf2a3fc9-8ca4-4a56-85cc-2c287b1f1f9c%22:%91%22background_color%22%93}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Exploring how flexible structures interact with fluid flows, from fluttering wings to oscillating valves, to reveal rich dynamics.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Drag Reduction Using Bubbles&#8221; image=&#8221;https:\/\/mecheng.iisc.ac.in\/fpl\/fplnew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/bubbles.png&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;40%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font=&#8221;Source Sans Pro|600|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;gcid-ddfd5a08-11a0-4dad-af47-fef549cd5986&#8243; header_font_size=&#8221;1.35rem&#8221; header_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; body_font=&#8221;Lora|500|||||||&#8221; body_font_size=&#8221;1rem&#8221; body_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; background_color=&#8221;gcid-bf2a3fc9-8ca4-4a56-85cc-2c287b1f1f9c&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;20px|20px|20px|20px|true|true&#8221; scroll_vertical_motion_enable=&#8221;on&#8221; scroll_vertical_motion=&#8221;0|40|40|100|10|0|0&#8243; scroll_fade_enable=&#8221;on&#8221; border_radii=&#8221;on|25px|25px|25px|25px&#8221; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset1&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-ddfd5a08-11a0-4dad-af47-fef549cd5986%22:%91%22header_text_color%22%93,%22gcid-bf2a3fc9-8ca4-4a56-85cc-2c287b1f1f9c%22:%91%22background_color%22%93}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Harnessing the power of microscopic bubbles to minimize drag, enhance efficiency, and revolutionize fluid transport systems.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; 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custom_css_main_element=&#8221;display:flex;||align-items:center;||justify-content:center;&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_heading title=&#8221;Our Research Approach&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; title_level=&#8221;h2&#8243; title_font=&#8221;Source Sans Pro|600|||||||&#8221; title_text_color=&#8221;gcid-ddfd5a08-11a0-4dad-af47-fef549cd5986&#8243; title_font_size=&#8221;2rem&#8221; title_line_height=&#8221;1.3em&#8221; scroll_fade_enable=&#8221;on&#8221; scroll_scaling_enable=&#8221;on&#8221; scroll_scaling=&#8221;0|35|35|100|30%|100|100&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-ddfd5a08-11a0-4dad-af47-fef549cd5986%22:%91%22title_text_color%22%93}&#8221;][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/mecheng.iisc.ac.in\/fpl\/fplnew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/supersonic_tunnel_2.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;supersonic_tunnel_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; scroll_scaling_enable=&#8221;on&#8221; scroll_scaling=&#8221;0|30|30|100|20%|100|100&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Lora|500|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;gcid-ddfd5a08-11a0-4dad-af47-fef549cd5986&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;1.15rem&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.8em&#8221; scroll_fade_enable=&#8221;on&#8221; scroll_scaling_enable=&#8221;on&#8221; scroll_scaling=&#8221;0|35|35|100|30%|100|100&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-ddfd5a08-11a0-4dad-af47-fef549cd5986%22:%91%22text_text_color%22%93}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>We design unique experimental setups \u2013 from a <strong data-start=\"7460\" data-end=\"7487\">turbulent water channel<\/strong> for bubble drag reduction studies to a <strong data-start=\"7527\" data-end=\"7555\">transonic cascade tunnel<\/strong> for high-speed flow analysis. Classical measurement techniques alongside laser-based diagnostics (like PIV and high-speed visualization) are employed to gain deep insights.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_text=&#8221;Explore Our Research&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;142b6225-c5fa-4ccc-880f-bf84c2569d95&#8243; scroll_fade_enable=&#8221;on&#8221; scroll_scaling_enable=&#8221;on&#8221; scroll_scaling=&#8221;0|35|35|100|30%|100|100&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-c32f3db7-275e-4ad9-b30b-6c481fd0a466%22:%91%22button_bg_color%22,%22button_text_color__hover%22,%22button_border_color%22%93,%22gcid-bf2a3fc9-8ca4-4a56-85cc-2c287b1f1f9c%22:%91%22button_text_color%22%93}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; disabled_on=&#8221;on|on|off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;96px||96px||false|false&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;display:flex;||align-items:center;||justify-content:center;&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/mecheng.iisc.ac.in\/fpl\/fplnew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/supersonic_tunnel_2.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;supersonic_tunnel_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; scroll_scaling_enable=&#8221;on&#8221; scroll_scaling=&#8221;0|30|30|100|20%|100|100&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_heading title=&#8221;Our Research Approach&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; title_level=&#8221;h2&#8243; title_font=&#8221;Source Sans Pro|600|||||||&#8221; title_text_color=&#8221;gcid-ddfd5a08-11a0-4dad-af47-fef549cd5986&#8243; title_font_size=&#8221;2rem&#8221; title_line_height=&#8221;1.3em&#8221; scroll_fade_enable=&#8221;on&#8221; scroll_scaling_enable=&#8221;on&#8221; scroll_scaling=&#8221;0|35|35|100|30%|100|100&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-ddfd5a08-11a0-4dad-af47-fef549cd5986%22:%91%22title_text_color%22%93}&#8221;][\/et_pb_heading][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Lora|500|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;gcid-ddfd5a08-11a0-4dad-af47-fef549cd5986&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;1.15rem&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.8em&#8221; scroll_fade_enable=&#8221;on&#8221; scroll_scaling_enable=&#8221;on&#8221; scroll_scaling=&#8221;0|35|35|100|30%|100|100&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-ddfd5a08-11a0-4dad-af47-fef549cd5986%22:%91%22text_text_color%22%93}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>We design unique experimental setups \u2013 from a <strong data-start=\"7460\" data-end=\"7487\">turbulent water channel<\/strong> for bubble drag reduction studies to a <strong data-start=\"7527\" data-end=\"7555\">transonic cascade tunnel<\/strong> for high-speed flow analysis. Classical measurement techniques alongside laser-based diagnostics (like PIV and high-speed visualization) are employed to gain deep insights.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_text=&#8221;Explore Our Research&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;142b6225-c5fa-4ccc-880f-bf84c2569d95&#8243; scroll_fade_enable=&#8221;on&#8221; scroll_scaling_enable=&#8221;on&#8221; scroll_scaling=&#8221;0|35|35|100|30%|100|100&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-c32f3db7-275e-4ad9-b30b-6c481fd0a466%22:%91%22button_bg_color%22,%22button_text_color__hover%22,%22button_border_color%22%93,%22gcid-bf2a3fc9-8ca4-4a56-85cc-2c287b1f1f9c%22:%91%22button_text_color%22%93}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; disabled_on=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row 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turbulent flows: Interactions of a single air bubble with a vortex ring in water\" data-attachment-id=\"250037\" data-type=\"image\" class=\"fg-thumb\"><span class=\"fg-image-wrap\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" class=\"skip-lazy fg-image\" data-src-fg=\"https:\/\/mecheng.iisc.ac.in\/fpl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/bubbly-tubulent-flows-1.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%221000%22%20height%3D%22667%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201000%20667%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" loading=\"eager\"><\/span><span class=\"fg-image-overlay\"><\/span><\/a><figcaption class=\"fg-caption\"><div class=\"fg-caption-inner\"><div class=\"fg-caption-desc\">Idealization of bubbly turbulent flows: Interactions of a single air bubble with a vortex ring in water<\/div><\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"fg-loader\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fg-item fg-type-image fg-idle\"><figure 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